Worldwide Webcams

- Webcams from Europe -

Europe is a small continent located in the Northern Hemisphere and in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Asia and Africa.

Europe covers about 10.18 million km2 (3.93 million sq. mi), or 2% of Earth's surface (6.8% of land area), making it the second-smallest continent. Politically, Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states, of which Russia is the largest and most populous, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a total population of about 745 million (about 10% of the world population) in 2021; the third-largest after Asia and Africa. The three largest urban areas of Europe are Moscow, London and Paris. All have over 10 million residents, and as such have been described as megacities. While Istanbul has the highest total city population, it lies partly in Asia. 64.9% of the residents live on the European side and 35.1% on the Asian side. The next largest cities in order of population are Madrid, Saint Petersburg, Milan, Barcelona, Berlin, and Rome each having over three million residents.

The definition of Europe as a geographical term has been in use since the mid-19th century. Europe is taken to be bounded by large bodies of water to the north, west and south; It's limits to the east and north-east are usually taken to be the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, and the Caspian Sea; to the south-east, the Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea, and the waterways connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. Islands are generally grouped with the nearest continental landmass, hence Iceland is considered to be part of Europe, while the nearby island of Greenland is usually assigned to North America, although politically belonging to Denmark. Nevertheless, there are some exceptions based on sociopolitical and cultural differences. Cyprus is closest to Asia Minor, but is considered part of Europe politically. Malta was considered an island of North-western Africa for centuries, but now it is considered to be part of Europe as well.

The European climate is affected by warm Atlantic currents, such as the Gulf Stream, which produce a temperate climate on much of the continent. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable producing more continental climates. Europe sees a prevailing wind direction from the west. The climate is milder in comparison to other areas of the same latitude around the globe due to the influence of the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream is nicknamed "Europe's central heating", because it makes Europe's climate warmer and wetter than it would otherwise be. The Gulf Stream not only carries warm water to Europe's coast but also warms up the prevailing westerly winds that blow across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, the average temperature throughout the year of Aveiro is 16°C (61°F), while it is only 13°C (55°F) in New York City, which is almost on the same latitude and  bordering the same ocean. Berlin, Germany; Calgary, Canada; and Irkutsk, in south-eastern Russia, lie on around the same latitude; January temperatures in Berlin average around 8°C (14°F) higher than those in Calgary and they are almost 22°C (40°F) higher than average temperatures in Irkutsk.

There are officially 50 countries going by internationally recognized sovereign countries, but that leaves out several others, like the three countries of the United Kingdom and at least 10 other countries.

We currently have 28 webcams in Europe, not counting the ones in Russia, which have their own page on this site.

- Iceland -

Iceland Grindavík - from Þorbjorn, Iceland
(From mbl.is)

Iceland (Icelandic: Ísland, pronounced [ˈistlant]) is a Nordic island country between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is linked culturally with Europe and is Europe's most sparsely populated country. Its capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which is home to about 36% of the country's roughly 380,000 residents. The official language of the country is Icelandic.

Iceland is the world's 18th-largest island, and Europe's second-largest island after Great Britain and before Ireland. The main island covers 101,826 km2 (39,315 sq mi), but the entire country is 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi) in size, of which 62.7% is tundra. Iceland is closer to continental Europe than to mainland North America, although it is closest to Greenland (290 kilometres; 155 nautical miles), an island of North America. Iceland is generally included in Europe for geographical, historical, political, cultural, linguistic and practical reasons. Geologically, the island includes parts of both continental plates.

The climate of Iceland's coast is subarctic. The warm North Atlantic Current ensures generally higher annual temperatures than in most places of similar latitude in the world. The highest air temperature recorded was 30.5°C (86.9°F) on 22 June 1939 on the southeastern coast. The lowest was −38°C (−36.4°F) on 22 January 1918 in the northeastern hinterland. Snowfall in winter is more common in the north than in the south. 750 square kilometers of Iceland’s glacier ice has melted since the year 2000. Iceland’s annual CO2 emissions and per capita CO2 emissions rose from 1950 to 2018, but both metrics have been on the decline since 2018. A majority of Iceland’s CO2 emissions come from oil. In an effort to combat the effects climate change has on Iceland’s glaciers, Iceland has worked to make its electricity completely sustainable. As of 2015, nearly all of its electricity comes from renewable energy. Thirteen percent of the country’s electricity comes from geothermal energy—which also heats ninety percent of Iceland’s homes—and the rest comes from hydropower.

Livestream is from the current volcano eruption going on in Iceland.

- Norway -

Norway is a Scandinavian country encompassing mountains, glaciers and deep coastal fjords. Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometers (148,729 sq. mi) and had a population of 5,488,984 in January 2023. The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden. It is bordered by Finland and Russia to the northeast and the Skagerrak strait to the south. Norway has an extensive coastline facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. Norway's climate is mostly temperate, with mild winters and cool summers in most areas. However, temperatures and precipitation varies by region and season.

Skarsvag, North Cape, Norway
(From  Skarsvag bygdelag live cam)

Skarsvag is the northern most fishing village in the World, located in Nordkapp Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The local fishing fleet primarily fishes for cod in the waters. There are about 60 residents in Skarsvåg. The village is also the northernmost settlement in the world that is accessible via a major road network, the European route E69.

Geirangerfjord, Geiranger, Norway
(From Hotel Union Geiranger)

Geiranger is a small tourist village in Sunnmøre region of Møre og Romsdal county in the western part of Norway. The village is surrounded by majestic mountain peaks, 800 meter/2,625 foot high cliffs, cascading waterfalls and the Geirangerfjord (English: Geiranger Fjord) – the crown jewel of the Norwegian fjords, an impressive 15 kilometers/9 miles long and 260 meters/853 feet deep. The small village of Geiranger is located at the end of the fjord, where the Geirangelva river empties into it. While it's very beautiful and one of Norway's most visited tourist site, the Geiranger Fjord is under constant threat from the mountain Åkerneset, which is about to erode into the fjord. A collapse would produce a tsunami, hitting several nearby towns including Geiranger in a few short minutes.

- Denmark -

Denmark is a Scandinavian country comprising the Jutland Peninsula and numerous islands. It's linked to nearby Sweden via the Öresund bridge. Denmark has a temperate climate, characterized by cool to cold winters, with mean temperatures in January of 1.5°C (34.7°F), and mild summers, with a mean temperature in August of 17.2°C (63.0°F). The most extreme temperatures recorded in Denmark, since 1874 when recordings began, was 36.4°C (97.5°F) in 1975 and −31.2°C (−24.2°F) in 1982. Because of Denmark's northern location, there are large seasonal variations in daylight: short days during the winter with sunrise coming around 8:45 am and sunset 3:45 pm (standard time), as well as long summer days with sunrise at 4:30 am and sunset at 10 pm

Wildlife In The Forest, Northern Denmark
(from Nature Live Camera)

Wildlife seen on a small piece of land in the northern region of Denmark. Right next to the stream you see, and underneath the old tree also seen, is a favorite place for badgers, foxes, martens, and many other animals and birds.

- Finland -

Finland is a Northern European nation bordering Sweden, Norway and Russia. Its capital is Helsinki. It covers an area of 338,145 square kilometers (130,559 sq. mi) and has a population of 5.6 million. The official languages are Finnish and Swedish. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes.

Levi Ski Resort, Gondoli ala-asema/Lower station, Finland

(From Levi Ski Resort)

Levi Ski Resort is located in the western Lapland, in the middle of nature and large wilderness areas. The peak elevation is 531 meters (1,742 ft.). There are 43 ski slopes (17 of which are floodlit) and 27 ski lifts in Levi. Ascending the mountain are 2 gondolas, 1 chairlift, 14 T-bar lifts, 5 stick lifts, 4 rope tows, and 1 magic carpet for children. Levi is one of two locations of gondola lifts in Finland. The skiing and snowboarding season in Levi is fairly long, often lasting from October to mid-May. Levi gets an average annual snowfall of 62cm (24 inches) of snow per year and on average has 16 annual snowfall days. The average snowpack at Levi is 43cm (17 inches).

Helsinki, Finland
(From Elinkeinoelämän Keskusliitto EK)

Helsinki, Finland’s southern capital, sits on a peninsula in the Gulf of Finland. It's the most populous city in Finland with about 675,000 people living in the municipality, 1.25 million in the capital region and 1.58 million in the metropolitan area. This cam shows different views of the Helsinki.

The majority of Helsinki-dwellers speak English in addition to their mother tongue of Finnish or Swedish. Helsinki is 80 kilometers (50 mi) north of Tallinn, Estonia, 360 kilometers (220 miles) north of Riga, Latvia, 400 kilometers (250 miles) east of Stockholm, Sweden, and 300 kilometers (190 miles) west of Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Helsinki has a humid continental climate. Due to the moderating influence of the Baltic Sea and the North Atlantic Current, winter temperatures are higher than the northern location would suggest, with an average of −4°C (25°F) in January and February. The average maximum temperature from June to August is around 19 to 22°C (66 to 72°F). 

- Netherlands -

The Netherlands, informally Holland (Dutch is used as the adjective for the Netherlands, as well as the demonym.), is a country in northwestern Europe and is known for a flat landscape of canals, tulip fields, windmills and cycling routes. In some languages, Holland is used as the formal name for the Netherlands. However, Holland is a region within the Netherlands that consists of the two provinces of North and South Holland. The European Netherlands has a total area of 41,543 km2 (16,040 sq. mi), including water bodies, and a land area of 33,481 km2 (12,927 sq. mi). 26% of the land is situated below sea level. This does not cover any of the Caribbean Netherlands. In the Lesser Antilles islands of the Caribbean, the territories of Curaçao, Aruba and Sint Maarten have a constituent country status within the wider Kingdom of the Netherlands. Another three territories which make up the Caribbean Netherlands are designated as special municipalities.

With a population of over 17.9 million people, all living within a total area of 41,850 km2 (16,160 sq. mi)—of which the land area is 33,500 km2 (12,900 sq. mi)—the Netherlands is the 33rd most densely populated country, with a density of 535 people per square kilometer (1,390 people/sq. mi). The official language of the Netherlands is Dutch, which is spoken by the vast majority of inhabitants.

The Netherlands has a temperate oceanic climate with mild temperatures and precipitation throughout the year. The average winter temperature is around 3°C (37°F), and the average summer temperature is around 17°C (63°F), though coastal regions may have more sunshine and a smaller temperature range. The climate is influenced by the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, and the sea also moderates the climate with onshore winds and the Gulf Stream.

Amsterdam - Stationseiland - Centraal station - Netherlands
(From Bouwwebcam.nl - WebcamPro BV)

Amsterdam Centraal is the Dutch capital's main public transportation hub, located right in the heart of Amsterdam, used by 192,000 passengers a day, making it the second busiest railway station in the country. Amsterdam Centraal was designed by Dutch architect Pierre Cuypers and opened in 1889. It features a Gothic, Renaissance Revival station building and a cast iron platform roof spanning approximately 40 meters/44 yards.

Erasmus Bridge, Rotterdam, Netherlands
(From KPN)

- England -

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers approximately 62%. It has land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, and is otherwise surrounded by the North Sea to the east, the English Channel to the south, the Celtic Sea to the south-west, and the Irish Sea to the west. Continental Europe lies to the south-east, and Ireland to the west. At the 2021 census, the population was 56,490,048. London is both the largest city and the capital of England.

England is the origin of the English language. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialized nation. England has a temperate maritime climate: it is mild with temperatures not much lower than 0°C (32°F) in winter and not much higher than 32°C (90°F) in summer. The weather is often damp, but changeable. The coldest months are January and February, while July is normally the warmest month. Since weather records began, the highest temperature recorded was 40.3°C (104.5°F) on 19 July 2022 at Coningsby, Lincolnshire, while the lowest was −26.1°C (−15.0°F) on 10 January 1982 in Edgmond, Shropshire.

Broad Street, Oxford, England
(From Oxford Martin School)

Oxford (/ˈɒksfərd/) is a city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England. The city is located at the confluence of the rivers Thames (locally known as the Isis) and Cherwell. It had a population of 163,257 in 2022. It is 56 miles (90 km) north-west of London, 64 miles (103 km) south-east of Birmingham and 61 miles (98 km) north-east of Bristol.

Broad Street is a wide street in central Oxford, England, just north of the former city wall. The street is known for its bookshops.

Sea Breeze Cam Dawlish, Devon, England
(From Coast Cams)

Devon (/ˈdɛvən/ DEV-ən; historically also known as Devonshire) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is bordered by the Bristol Channel to the north, Somerset and Dorset to the east, the English Channel to the south, and Cornwall to the west. The county has an area of 6,700 km2 (2,590 sq. mi) and a population of 1,194,166. Devon generally has a cool oceanic climate, heavily influenced by the North Atlantic Drift. In winter, snow is relatively uncommon away from high land, although there are few exceptions. The county has mild summers with occasional warm spells and cool rainy periods. Winters are generally cool and the county often experiences some of the mildest winters in the world for its high latitude, with average daily maximum temperatures in January at 8°C (46°F).

Dawlish is a tourist resort in Devon county, located on the south coast that grew rapidly with the arrival of the railways in the 19th century. Its  population as of the 2021 Census was 11,797 and it covers an area of 3.257 km²/1.258 square miles.

- France -

France is a country located in Western Europe. It also includes overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, giving it one of the largest discontinuous exclusive economic zones in the world. European France, shares borders with Belgium and Luxembourg to the north, Germany to the northeast, Switzerland to the east, Italy and Monaco to the southeast, Andorra and Spain to the south, and a maritime border with the United Kingdom to the northwest, and has a combined area of 643,801 km2 (248,573 sq. mi) and a total population of 68.4 million as of January 2024.

France's climate varies by region due to its latitude, altitude, and proximity to the sea and mountains. The country has three main climate zones: oceanic, continental, and Mediterranean. Summers are warm, with some thunderstorms, and winters are cold. Temperatures will drop below -0°C/32°F in some places; and in the mountains it frequently snows. In the South, the climate is Mediterranean. Summers are hot and winters mild and dry. The hottest day in French history, happened in June of 2019, when the mercury shot up to 45.9°C (114.6°F) at Gallargues-le-Montueux in southern France. The nation’s coldest temperature was recorded on 17 January, 1985, with a reading of -41°C (-41°F) at Mouthe (Doubs), a village on the Swiss border.

Le Sacrï'-Coeur de Montmartre, Paris, France
(From PARIS TV)

Paris, France's capital, is the largerst city in France, situated in the north-central part of the country. Nicknamed The City of Light, its area covers 105 km2 (41 sq mi) and it's average elevation is 28–131 m (92–430 ft). Its poulation as of January 2023 was estimated to be at 2,102,650. Summer days are usually mild and pleasant, with average temperatures between 15 and 25°C (59 and 77°F), yet its highest temperature was reached on a very hot July day,  25 July 2019, when it was 42.6°C (108.7°F). In winter, sunshine is scarce. Days are cool, and nights are cold but usually above freezing, with the average low of 3°C (37°F). The lowest temp hit a very long time ago, on 10 December 1879, when it fell all the way down to −23.9°C (−11.0°F).

Le Sacrï'-Coeur de Montmartre is a Roman Catholic church in Paris. It is located at the summit of the Montmartre Hill, the highest point of the city, at 130 m (430 ft).

La Plagne Ski Area (Bergerie), La Plagne-Tarentaise, France

(From SnapMyRide)

La Plagne is a French ski area in the alpine valley of the Tarentaise, with a collection of small, purpose-built ski resorts and traditional villages located on the edge of the Vanoise National Park. The purpose-built resorts are found at high altitudes (1,800 meters/5,906 feet to 2,100 meters/6,890 feet) and all the resorts and villages connect to each other by free shuttle buses and a network of ski lifts. The more traditional villages of Monchavin, Montalbert and Les Coches lie at lower altitudes (1,250 meters/4,101 feet to 1,450 meters/4757 feet).

Bergerie is a high speed chairlift at the ski resort La Plagne that was built in 2009. It runs at 5.50 meters per second/12 miles per hour and can handle 3600 people per hour.

- Spain -

Spain, a country on Europe’s Iberian Peninsula, includes 17 autonomous regions with diverse geography and cultures. It's capital city is Madrid, which is also its largest city. Spain is bordered to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; to the east and south by the Mediterranean Sea and Gibraltar; and to the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. At 505,992 km2 (195,365 sq. mi), it's the world's fifty-first largest country and Europe's fourth largest country. The highest mountain peak in mainland Spain, at 3,715 m (12,188 ft.), is Mount Teide (Tenerife), which is the third largest volcano in the world from its base. The highest point outside the mainland is the Teide, a 3,718-meter (12,198 foot) active volcano in the Canary Islands.

The climate of Spain is highly diverse and varies considerably across the country's various regions. Spain is the most climatically diverse country in Europe with 13 different Köppen climates. The most dominant climates in the country include: The hot-summer Mediterranean climate, the steppe climate and the oceanic climate. The average annual temperature on the mainland varies from less than 2.5°C (36.5°F) in the north of the Pyrenees, close to the border with France, to more than 20°C (68°F) on a small region of Mediterranean coast. Plus, in cause you ever wondered, it isn't at all true that "The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain" (from the song from the musical My Fair Lady). Most rain that falls in Spain does so in the north of the country, while its plains are normally very dry.

Spain's main language is - you guessed it, Spanish. Its population was, as of 1 July 2024, 48,797,875. With the exception of the capital Madrid, the most densely populated areas lie around the coast.

Tossa de Mar, Spain
(From Vayawebcam)

Tossa de Mar (Elevation: 6 meter/20 feet) is a municipality in Catalonia, Spain, located on the coastal Costa Brava, about 100 kilometers/62 miles north of Barcelona and 100 kilometers/62 miles south of the French border. July is the hottest month in Tossa de Mar with an average temperature of 23°C (73°F) and the coldest is January at 8°C (46°F). The wettest month is May with an average of 87 millimeters/3.4 inches of rain. The best month to swim in the sea is in August when the average sea temperature is 25°C (77°F). It's population was 5,584 in 2018.

Port of Las Palmas, Spain
(From WingCam)

The Port of Las Palmas, also known as La Luz Port, is the largest port in the Canary Islands and a key distribution hub for goods in Spain. It's located in the northeast of Gran Canaria, five kilometers from the city center of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and less than 30 kilometers/19 miles from the island's airport. The port's strategic location between Europe, Africa, and America has made it a vital port in the Mid-Atlantic for centuries. A weekly ferry route operates from Las Palmas to Cadiz on the Spanish mainland.

Platja d'Aro Center, Spain
(From neoguru)

Castle-Platja d'Aro is a region on Catalonia's northeastern coast and is a popular beach resort in located in the heart of the Costa Brava, 80 km (50 miles) north of Barcelona. It borders with Calonge to the north, Santa Cristina d'Aro to the west, Sant Feliu to the south and the Coast to the East. Castell-Platja d'Aro occupies the eastern end of the Vall d'Aro, a narrow plain drained by the river Ridaura and located between the Mountain ranges of Cadiretes and southern end of the Gavarres. According to the Köppen Climate Classification, Castell-Platja d'Aro has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate.

- Switzerland -

Switzerland is a mountainous Central European country, home to numerous lakes, waterfalls, villages and the high peaks of the Alps. The country is also known for its ski resorts and hiking trails. Banking and finance are key industries, and Swiss watches and chocolate are world renowned.

Extending across the north and south side of the Alps in west-central Europe, it's bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centers, including Zurich, Geneva, and Basel. Switzerland encompasses diverse landscapes and climates across its 41,285 square kilometers (15,940 sq. miles). Lake Geneva is its largest lake that it shares with France. Forty-eight mountains are 4,000 meters (13,000 ft.) or higher in height. At 4,634 m (15,203 ft.), Monte Rosa is the highest, although the Matterhorn (4,478 m or 14,692 ft.) is the best known. Both are located within the Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais, on the border with Italy.

The Swiss climate is generally temperate, but can vary greatly across localities, from glacial conditions on the mountaintops to the near-Mediterranean climate at Switzerland's southern tip. Summers tend to be warm and humid at times with periodic rainfall. From July to August the daytime temperature range is 18 to 28°C (65° - 82°F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Switzerland was 41.5°C (106.7°F) on 11 August 2003 in Grono. A weather phenomenon known as the föhn (with an identical effect to the Chinook wind in the western Americas) can occur any time and is characterized by a warm wind, bringing low relative humidity air to the north of the Alps during rainfall periods on the south-facing slopes. Winter sees temperatures range from -2 to 7°C (28 to 45°F) in January and February. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Switzerland was −41.8°C (−43.2°F) on 12 January 1987 in La Brévine. The most snowfall totals in Switzerland follows: Most snow in a day: 1.30 meters (4.3 feet) fell on the Bernina Pass in 24 hours on 15 April 1999. Most snow in a year: 20.73 meters (68 feet) fell at the Grimsel Hospiz mountain, on the border of Bern and Valais in the 1974/75 season. Deepest snow depth was 816 centimeters (26.8 feet) of snow, recorded on Säntis in April 1999.

Switzerland has one of the world's oldest populations, with an average age of 42.5 years. According to the World Factbook, ethnic groups in Switzerland are as follows: Swiss 69.2%, German 4.2%, Italian 3.2%, Portuguese 2.5%, French 2.1%, Kosovan 1.1%, Turkish 1%, other 16.7% (2020 est.). Also, The Council of Europe figures suggest a population of around 30,000 Romani people in the country. Switzerland has four national languages: German (spoken natively by 62.8% of the population in 2016); French (22.9%) spoken natively in the west; and Italian (8.2%) spoken natively in the south.

St. Moritz, Switzerland
(From Hotel Suvretta House)

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft.) overlooking the glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948. It is a luxury alpine resort town in Switzerland’s Engadin valley and its elevation is 1,822 meters (5,978 feet). St. Moritz has an area (as of a 2009 survey) of 28.69 km2 (11.08 sq. mi). The town has a subarctic climate, with the average temperature, about 2°C/36°F. It's average snowfall is high, with 254 cm (100 inches) falling in the winter months.

St. Moritz has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 4,945. As of 2008, 38.0% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the 10 years up to 2009, the population decreased at a rate of 4.9%.

Rhine Falls, Neuhausen am Rheinfall, Switzerland
(From Schaffhauserland Tourismus)

The Rhine Falls is a waterfall located in Switzerland and the most powerful waterfall in Europe. The falls are 150 meters (490 ft.) wide and 23 meters (75 ft.) high. In the winter months, the average water flow is 250 m3/s (8,800 cu ft./s), while in the summer, the average water flow is 600 m3/s (21,000 cu ft./s). The falls are located on the High Rhine on the border between the cantons of Schaffhausen and Zürich, between the municipalities of Neuhausen am Rheinfall (SH) and Laufen-Uhwiesen/Dachsen, next to the town of Schaffhausen in northern Switzerland.

 - Italy -

Italy, a European country with a long Mediterranean coastline, has left a powerful mark on Western culture and cuisine. In Southern and Western Europe, it's located on a peninsula that extends into the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as islands, notably Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares its borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and two enclaves: Vatican City and San Marino. It is the tenth-largest country in Europe, covering an area of 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq. mi), and the third-most populous member state of the European Union, with a population of nearly 60 million Its capital and largest city is Rome; other major urban areas include Milan, Naples, Turin, Florence, and Venice.

294,020 km2 (113,522 sq. mi) of Italy is land and 7,210 km2 (2,784 sq. mi) is water. Including the islands, Italy has a coastline of 7,600 kilometers (4,722 miles) on the Mediterranean Sea, the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas, the Ionian Sea, and the Adriatic Sea. Over 35% of Italian territory is mountainous. The Apennine Mountains form the peninsula's backbone, and the Alps form most of its northern boundary, where Italy's highest point is located on the summit of Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) at 4,810 meters (15,780 ft.). Mount Etna in Sicily is the largest active volcanic mountain in Europe.

The climate is influenced by the seas that surround Italy on every side except the north, which constitute a reservoir of heat and humidity. Conditions on the coast are different from those in the interior, particularly during winter when the higher altitudes tend to be cold, wet, and often snowy. Winter temperatures vary from 0°C (32°F) in the Alps to 12°C (54°F) in Sicily;  while average summer temperatures range from 20°C (68°F) to over 25°C (77°F).

Italy's official language is Italian. In 2020, Italy had 60,317,116 inhabitants. The population density, of 202 inhabitants per square kilometer (520/sq. mi), is higher than most West European countries. Italy's population is rapidly aging and gradually shrinking. Nearly one in four Italians is over 65 and an average age of 46.6. But Italy also has a  substantial flow of immigrants, that started in the 1980s. As of 2010, the foreign-born population was from the following regions: Europe (54%), Africa (22%), Asia (16%), the Americas (8%), and Oceania (0.06%). The distribution of the foreign population is geographically varied: in 2020, 61% of foreign citizens lived in the north, 24% in the center, 11% in the south, and 4% on the islands. In 2021, Italy had about 5.2 million foreign residents, making up 9% of the population. The figures include more than half a million children born in Italy to foreign nationals but exclude foreign nationals who have subsequently acquired Italian citizenship.

Cinque Terre, Italy

(From Paesaggi Digitali)

Cinque Terre (Italian:ˈtʃiŋkwe ˈtɛrre) is a string of centuries-old seaside villages on the rugged Italian Riviera coastline. In each of the 5 towns, colorful houses and vineyards cling to steep terraces, harbors are filled with fishing boats within Liguria, in northwest Italy. The Cinque Terre area is a popular tourist destination. With a steep landscape right up to the cliffs that overlook the Ligurian Sea, paths, trains, and boats connect the villages, as cars can only reach them with great difficulty from the outside via narrow and precarious mountain roads. The best method of transportation is by train.

Rialto Bridge, Venice, Italy
(From  I Love You Venice)

Venice, the capital of northern Italy’s Veneto region, is built on 126 small islands in a lagoon in the Adriatic Sea. It has no roads, just canals – including the Grand Canal thoroughfare – lined with Renaissance and Gothic palaces. Portions of the city are also linked by 472 bridges. In 2020, around 258,685 people resided in greater Venice or the Comune di Venezia, of whom around 51,000 live in the historical island city of Venice (centro storico) and the rest on the mainland (terraferma). Together with the cities of Padua and Treviso, Venice is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area, which is considered a statistical metropolitan area, with a total population of 2.6 million.

The gradual sinking of the surface of Venice, has contributed – along with other factors – to the seasonal Acqua alta ("high water") when the city's lowest lying surfaces may be covered at high tide. Between autumn and early spring, the city is often threatened by flood tides pushing in from the Adriatic. Six hundred years ago. Venetians protected themselves from land-based attacks by diverting all the major rivers flowing into the lagoon and thus preventing sediment from filling the area around the city. This created an ever-deeper lagoon environment. Additionally, the lowest part of Venice, St Mark's Basilica, is only 64 centimeters (25 inches) above sea level, and one of the most flood-prone parts of the city.

Venice has a mid-latitude, four season humid subtropical climate, with cool, damp winters and warm, humid summers. The 24-hour average temperature in January is 3.3°C (37.9°F), and for July is 23.0°C (73.4°F). Precipitation is spread relatively evenly throughout the year, and averages 748 millimeters (29.4 in); snow falls between late November and early March. During the most severe winters, the canals and parts of the lagoon can freeze, but because of climate change and the warming trend of the past 30–40 years, the occurrence has become rare.

Ponte di Legno - Adamello Mountain, Italy
(From Digital Landscapes)

Ponte di Legno (Camunian: Put de Lègn) is an Italian comune of 1,729 inhabitants in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, in Lombardy, situated at the confluence of the two source rivers, Frigidolfo and Narcanello.At an altitude of 1,258 meters/4,127 feet above sea level, the Ponte di Legno ski area for winter activities has 5 ski lifts, 8 ski slopes and other connections to the rest of the Ski Area, and for the other seasons, it has trekking paths, bike trails, and even a high altitude golf course.

Positano, Italy
(From SkylineWebcams)

Positano is a small cliffside village and comune on southern Italy's Amalfi Coast (south of Naples, 56 km/35 mi), in Campania, Italy, mainly in an enclave in the hills leading down to the coast. It's a well-known holiday destination with a pebble beachfront and steep, narrow streets lined with boutiques and cafes. 

The climate of Positano is very mild, of the Mediterranean type; the winters are very warm with minimum temperatures that almost never fall below 6°C (43°F), while the summers are long, warm and sunny but often refreshed by the sea breeze.

- Austria -

Austria is a country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous city and state. Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The landlocked country occupies an area of 83,879 km2 (32,386 sq. mi) and has a population of around 9 million. It is a largely mountainous country because of its location in the Alps. The Central Eastern Alps, Northern Limestone Alps, and Southern Limestone Alps are all partly in Austria. Of the total area of Austria, only about a quarter can be considered low lying, and only 32% of the country is below 500 meters (1,640 ft.). The Alps of western Austria give way somewhat into low lands and plains in the eastern part of the country. The Grossglockner, or just Glockner, is, at 3,798 meters/12461 feet above the Adriatic, the highest mountain in Austria and the highest mountain in the Alps east of the Brenner Pass. It is part of the larger Glockner Group of the Hohe Tauern range, situated along the main ridge of the Central Eastern Alps and the Alpine divide.

The greater part of Austria lies in the cool/temperate climate zone, where humid westerly winds predominate. With nearly three-quarters of the country dominated by the Alps, the alpine climate is predominant. In the east—in the Pannonian Plain and along the Danube valley—the climate shows continental features with less rain than the alpine areas. Although Austria is cold in the winter (−10°C/14°F to 0°C/ 32°F), summer temperatures can be relatively high. The highest temperature of 40.5°C (105°F) was reached on 8 August 2013. The nation's lowest temperature ever recorded in Austria was −52.6°C (−62.7°F) on 19 February 1932 at Grünloch Doline.

Gastein Waterfall, Bad Gastein, Austria
(From Gasteinertal.com)

Bad Gastein is a spa town in the St. Johann in Pongau District. Picturesquely situated in a high valley of the Hohe Tauern mountain range, it is known for the Gastein waterfall, located in the middle of the city, at  about 1,000 meters (3,300 ft.) above sea level. The waterfall has a drop of 341 meters / 1,119 feet, which rages over rugged cliff faces and through thick forest to tumble into three turquoise pools.

The German word "Bad" means "spa", so in the city's name, it reflecting the town's history as a health resort. The local Heilstollen (literally 'healing tunnel') thermal spring water earned the town its early fame and name. Bad Gastein has 17 hot springs that emerge from Graukogel mountain. The water is slightly mineralized, contains radon, and has a temperature of 44–47°C/111-117° F. However, the springs at the spas are cooled down to a water temperature of around 32°C/90°F (on average) so you won't burn to death.

Gastein is also known as a snow skiing paradise. The town has a variety of downhill runs for beginners, families and experts on over 66km/41mi of blue (easiest/intermediate), 105km/65mi of red (intermediate) and 10km/6mi of black(advanced) ski runs.

Different locations in Austria
(From feratel – your window to the world)

Cams from all over Austria, including from Innsbruck, Vienna, Arlberg, Lake Neusiedl, Salzburg, Wachau, Ischgl and many more destinations.

- Germany -

Germany is located in north-central Europe, from the outer ranges of the Alps, northward across the varied landscape of the Central German Uplands and then across the North German Plain. It is one of Europe’s largest countries, bounded at its extreme north on the Jutland peninsula by Denmark, the Baltic Sea and North Sea coasts, all complete the northern border. To the west, Germany borders The Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg; to the southwest it borders France. Germany shares its entire southern boundary with Switzerland and Austria. In the southeast the border with the Czech Republic. The easternmost frontier adjoins Poland along the northward course of the Neisse River and subsequently the Oder to the Baltic Sea.

Germany has a generally temperate climate, especially in view of its northerly latitudes and the distance of the larger portions of its territory from the warming influence of the North Atlantic Current. In a nutshell breaking it down to regions, In the northwest/north: Oceanic climate with cool winters and warm summers; West: Marine climate with cool winters and moderate temperatures in summer; East: Humid continental climate with cold winters and warm summers; South: Summers are warmer in the south, and higher elevations can experience unusually cold or prolonged winters. Germany's record high temperature was 41.2°C (106.2°F) on 25 July 2019 in Duisburg and Tönisvorst. The record low temperature was −45.9°C (−50.6°F) on 24 December 2001 at Funtensee, near Berchtesgaden. As far a snow goes, the record for the highest snowpack** ever measured has been held by the Zugspitzblatt. On 2 April 1944, the snow masses around Germany's highest mountain (at 2,962 m/9,718 ft.) in elevation, saw its snow piled up to 8.30 meters/27 feet or 329 inches. Balderschwang is considered to be the village with the most snow in Germany. **I'm assuming the source this comes from means "snowpack", since we don't use the wording "snow masses" in America where I live, plus it also gave a date in April, when the snowpack would be at its highest. The world record for a 24 hour snow fall is 78 inches / 2 meters, so it can't mean that, but since how it was worded, it sounds like they are talking about snowpack and not a yearly total, but still, it could mean either. If you should know the answer to this, please email me, thanks.

Freilassing, Germany
(From RSM Connect)

Freilassing (German pronunciation: [fʁaɪˈlasɪŋ]), was until 1923 called Salzburghofen, is a town in Berchtesgadener Land, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria. Freilassing is the biggest suburb of Salzburg. Its population was 15,829 as of 31 Dec 2008. Its area covers14.79 km2 (5.71 sq. mi) and its elevation is 423 m (1,388 ft.).

Freilassing station is located in the Upper Bavarian district of Berchtesgaden. It is the last German station on the railway line from Munich to Salzburg, a border station to Austria and the only railroad station in the town of Freilassing. It is located north of the town center and opened way back in 1860.

- Greece -

Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in southeastern Europe with thousands of islands throughout the Aegean and Ionian seas. Influential in ancient times, it's often called the cradle of Western civilization. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, Greece shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Sea of Crete and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin. The country comprises nine traditional geographic regions, and has a population of over 10.4 million. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city. Approximately 80% of Greece consists of mountains or hills, making the country one of the most mountainous in Europe. Mount Olympus, the mythical abode of the Greek Gods, culminates at Mytikas Peak at 2,918 meters (9,573 ft.) elevation, the highest in the country.

The climate of Greece is primarily Mediterranean, featuring mild to cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers. The mountainous areas and the higher elevations of northwestern Greece as well as in the mountainous central parts of Peloponnese – including parts of the regional units of Achaea, Arcadia, and Laconia – feature an Alpine climate with heavy snowfalls during the winter. Most of the inland parts of northern Greece, in Central Macedonia, the lower elevations of Western Macedonia and Eastern Macedonia and Thrace feature a humid subtropical climate with cold, damp winters and hot, moderately dry summers with occasional thunderstorms. Snowfalls occur every year in the mountains and northern areas, and brief periods of snowy weather are possible even in low-lying southern areas, such as Athens.

Elysium Resort & Spa, Rhodes, Greece
(From Elysium Resort & Spa)

Rhodes, the largest of Greece’s Dodecanese islands, is their historical capital; and is the ninth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. It's known for its beach resorts, ancient ruins and remnants of its occupation by the Knights of St. John during the Crusades.The principal town of the island and seat of the municipality, it had 50,636 inhabitants in 2011. In 2022, the island had a population of 125,113 people. It is located northeast of Crete and southeast of Athens.

The island of Rhodes is shaped like a spearhead, 79.7 km (49.5 mi) long and 38 km (24 mi) across at its widest, with a total area of approximately 1,400 km2 (541 sq mi) and a coastline of approximately 220 km (137 mi). Limestone is the main bedrock. The city of Rhodes is located at the northern tip of the island, as well as the site of the ancient and modern commercial harbours. It is situated 363 km (226 mi) east-southeast from the Greek mainland, and 18 km (11 mi) from the southern shore of Turkey. Mount Attavyros, at 1,216 m (3,990 ft), is the island's highest point of elevation.

Rhodes has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate with mild winters and hot summers. The South East of the island experiences a significantly warmer climate with Lindos registering a mean annual temperature of around 22.0 °C (71.6 °F), making it the warmest area in Greece. Moreover, according to the Hellenic National Meteorological Service, South East Rhodes records the highest mean annual sunshine in Greece with over 3,100 hours.

Faliraki, Greece
(From  Rodos Palladium Live)

Faliraki is a village and seaside resort on the east coast of the Greek island of Rhodes. It’s known for its long sandy beach and lively nightlife. Well known as a party town, the nightlife has quieted slightly over the last 10 years when the Greek government began to crack down on the after-hours craziness, but the bars are still full and the atmosphere is still buzzing long into the morning hours.

Faliraki is about 14 km south of the town of Rhodes and 10 km southeast of the airport. It is part of the municipal unit Kallithea. August is the hottest month in Faliraki with an average temperature of 27°C (81°F), and the coldest is January at 12°C (54°F). The wettest month is January with an average of 148 mm/6 inches of rain.

- Romania -

Romania is a southeastern European country known for the forested region of Transylvania, ringed by the Carpathian Mountains. Its preserved medieval towns include Sighişoara, and there are also many fortified castles. Bucharest is the country’s capital and largest city. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a mainly continental climate, and an area of 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi) with a population of 19,053,815 people (as of 2021), making Romania the twelfth-largest country in Europe. The Carpathian Mountains dominate the center of Romania, with 14 mountain ranges reaching above 2,000 m/6,600 ft - with the highest being Moldoveanu Peak at 2,544 m/8,346 ft.: 11  They are surrounded by the Moldavian and Transylvanian plateaus, the Pannonian Plain and the Wallachian plains. Romania also has one of the largest areas of undisturbed forest in Europe, covering almost 27% of its territory.

Because of its distance from open sea and its position on the southeastern portion of the European continent, Romania has a climate that is continental, transitioning into humid subtropical (locally often "warm oceanic") on the eastern coast, influenced by polar intrusions, and therefore characterized by harsh winters. The mountain ranges of the Carpathian arc have a cool mountain climate with high humidity throughout the year.The highest temperature ever recorded in Romania was 44.5°C (112.1°F) in 1951 at the Ion Sion weather station in Brăila County. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Romania was -38.5°C (-37.3°F) in 1942, near Brașov.

Rainfall, while adequate throughout the country, decreases from west to east and from mountains to plains. Some mountainous areas receive more than 1,010 mm (39.8 in) of precipitation each year.

Castelul Bran - Dracula's Castle - Casa din Bran, Transylvania, Romania
(From See Transylvania)

Transylvania is Romania's best-known region, located in central Romania. It's known for medieval towns, mountainous borders and castles like Bran Castle, a Gothic fortress associated with the legend of Dracula. The city of Brașov features Saxon walls and bastions.

After being a part of Hungary in the 11th–16th centuries, it became an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire (16th–17th century) and then once again became part of Hungary at the end of the 17th century. It was incorporated into Romania in the first half of the 20th century.

Bran Castle, is a medieval stronghold in the Transylvanian Alps (Southern Carpathian Mountains) of Brașov county, central Romania. Popularly identified with the fictional Castle Dracula, Bran Castle is one of Romania’s top tourist attractions. Construction was begun on it in 1377, after King Louis I of Hungary authorized it as a bulwark against northward expansion of the Ottoman Empire. The castle was completed by 1388. Bran Castle is often associated with the vampire Count Dracula. The Romanian castle resembles Castle Dracula, as described in Bram Stoker’s novel Dracula (published in 1897), in that both stand on rocky cliffs and command spectacular views. But Stoker, an Irish writer, is not known to have ever visited Transylvania. Vlad the Impaler (real name Vlad III also known as Vlad Dracula), the 15th-century governor/princes of Wallachia, is most closely identified with Stoker’s Dracula, but he never ruled Bran Castle, although some sources claim that he was held in exile there for two months in 1451. Yet this evil executioner/murder from Romania, is believed to be Stoker’s inspiration for the story's Dracula.

The castle became a museum in 1956 and still is today. BTW, the castle ready does have a secret passage. The secret corridor connects the first and third floors, albeit it is no longer secret. But it wasn't known about for hundreds of years. The entry to the secret corridor was hidden behind an antique fireplace. It was discovered in the 1920s while Queen Marie was renovating the castle.

Brasov City, Ceasu Rau, Transylvania, Romania
(From See Transylvania)

Brasov is the largest city within Transylvania, Romania. According to the 2021 census, it has a population of 237,589 inhabitants. In Brașov, summer lasts about 50 days, and winter lasts about 90 days. The usual summer temperature is between 22°C / 72°F and 27°C / 81°F, and the winter temperature between -18°C /-1°F  and -2°C /28°F. The ski season here lasts about 71 days.

- Map of Europe -